Today, a startling new discovery: prodding the brain with light, a group of scientists got an unexpected surprise – they were able to turn back on a part of the brain that had been shut down by Alzheimer’s disease. This new science is not a cure, and is far from a treatment, but it’s a finding so … simple, you won’t be able to shake it. Come join us for a lab visit, where we’ll meet some mice, stare at some light, and come face-to-face with the mystery of memory. We can promise you: by the end, you’ll never think the same way about Christmas lights again.

I’ve been meaning to post about this particular episode ever since I listened to it. This is the Nature paper about this study. They found that simply flashing light of a certain frequency at a certain interval helps with some of the brain waves that are diminished in mice with Alzheimer’s. It’s absolutely fascinating.

(I’m not going into too much technical jargon here; go listen to the episode!)

If you don’t listen to Radiolab in general, you definitely should; it’s one of the best podcasts there are.

In light of the recent election in the UK, the Queen, of course, is supposed to make a speech regarding forming the government by the party that has won majority. Now, however, after the interesting results of the election, the Queen’s speech is delayed, and the reason for it is very interesting.

The Telegraph UK reports:

The Queen’s Speech is going to be delayed because it has to be written on goatskin paper and the ink takes days to dry.

Apparently, the British monarchy are more concerned than others would be about the archival qualities of the paper that they use.

[…] goatskin paper is not actually made from goatskin.

The material is in fact high-quality archival paper which is guaranteed to last for at least 500 years.

Well, okay, but still, why the delay?

Well, ink on this special paper takes a few days to dry. And the monarchy had “ready to go” versions of the speech for (a) a Conservative party majority, and (b) a Labour party majority. But the results of the election, that resulted in a hung parliament, has put all pre-made plans into disarray. Since the political parties themselves don’t know yet how the government will be formed, the Queen’s speech isn’t finalized yet either.

Once the details are set in stone they can be committed to the goatskin paper and sent away for binding before being presented to the Queen.

I love how even the most apparently mundane things become fascinating just by being associated with the British monarchy.

In this study, we continuously monitored Egyptian fruit bats for months, recording audio and video around-the-clock. We analyzed almost 15,000 vocalizations, which accompanied the everyday interactions of the bats, and were all directed toward specific individuals, rather than broadcast. We found that bat vocalizations carry ample information about the identity of the emitter, the context of the call, the behavioral response to the call, and even the call’s addressee. Our results underline the importance of studying the mundane, pairwise, directed, vocal interactions of animals.

This is brilliant. They were able to correlate their data analysis of the bats’ vocalizations with the behavior and responses that they observed… so now we know more about how bats communicate! Simply by listening to the vocalization, the context, addressee, and even “the outcome of the interaction can be predicted above chance level”. Fascinating.

From the discussion:

It is important to note that we used one set of acoustic features for classification. However, many other multi-dimensional spectro-temporal representations can be tested. The bat’s brain could thus be using some other representation that encapsulates much more information regarding different social aspects. The bat may be able to classify the context of an interaction with higher confidence, based on some acoustic feature which it evolved to use and is yet to be determined. Our analysis is thus probably only a lower bound on what a bat is capable of extracting from aggressive social vocalizations. For example, we did not include any temporal information in our analysis.

In any acoustic signal, and especially where communication is involved, the time parameter is usually crucial and will add rich layers of information. For example, just imagine taking a piece of human speech, and (a) only looking at the overal speech parameters, versus (b) observing how the speech parameters change during the speech. Case (b) will provide far more information than case (a). I think we will discover over time that bats have a pretty well-evolved communication scheme.

This is fascinating stuff.

Bayesian inference is a way to get sharper predictions from your data. It’s particularly useful when you don’t have as much data as you would like and want to juice every last bit of predictive strength from it.

Although it is sometimes described with reverence, Bayesian inference isn’t magic or mystical. And even though the math under the hood can get dense, the concepts behind it are completely accessible. In brief, Bayesian inference lets you draw stronger conclusions from your data by folding in what you already know about the answer.

An excellent, simple introduction to Bayesian inference. This uses practical examples and an abundance of visual guides: especially useful if you don’t have an extensive math background.

Rupam Islam is out with a new solo album, Notun Niyom. Continuing with tradition, here are the lyrics to Daniken from this album. (Notun Niyom is available to listen on Spotify!)

Song: Daniken
Album: Notun Niyom

gobeshona-tona tomake manaye
amar agroho sotto janaye

gobeshona-tona tomake manaye
amar agroho sotto janaye
gobeshona tumi koro e-niye
phola-phol pele diyo janiye

chola-chol kori kolpona te
abhijan tai na-hanyate
maddhom mon ar lekhoni
lupto danar shonjiboni

icche-ra shob kobita paray
bhabchi-bhabbo gondho choray
tomar icche bhobisshoter
sondhan dey notun pother

bole cholo jai se-pothe haati
eta mohakash-jaaner maati
control-e thak khoka-o-khuku
shokti utsho surjo-tuku

promaner tumi upashok tai
amar shopne tomakei chai
juktir jaale amar hridoy
obohele kore nile tumi joy

tumi ki nijeke byartho bhabo?
tomake ami e-gaan shonabo
aaloker goti amar gaane
chhutbe notun surjo-taane

tumi ki nijeke byartho bhabo?
tomake ami e-gaan shonabo
aaloker goti amar gaane
chhutbe notun surjo-taane

he-prachin, he-probin
he-aadim mohakash
lukiye rekhecho
bhule jawa itihaash

smriti-te tobu kaar
protiddhoni shunte pai
probashi aakashi
se ki kono… debota-i?

—

tomar totto bhaota hole
chok-choke kono rangta hole
chaota-ke ami beshechi bhalo
rangta amar rong pheralo

bhaota gaiche prithibir gaan
rangta ghochalo rashtro-nishan
aami prothagoto dhormo-bihin
aami gaai Lennon-er Imagine

moha purushera tader juuge
chole-asha rewaj-er hujuge
bhondo akkha peyei thaaken
Jesus Christ-o krush-e jhulechen

ekdin tumi patta pabe
tomar totto proman hobe
shopno sophol hobe amar-o
tokhon amay khujte paro

ekdin tumi patta pabe
tomar totto proman hobe
shopno sophol hobe amar-o
tokhon amay khujte paro

he-prachin, he-probin
he-aadim mohakash
lukiye rekhecho
bhule jawa itihaash

smriti-te tobu kaar
protiddhoni shunte pai
probashi aakashi
se ki kono… debota-i?

debota-i?